ANASTASIA FEDOTOVA

Phd, Institute for the History of Science and Technology named after Sergey I. Vavilov, St Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg; Russia, e-mail: Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript

In my paper I will describe the involvement of Russian botanists in the collection and cultivation of medicinal plants as part of the war effort. In the autumn of 1914, when cut off from foreign suppliers, Russia was quickly faced with the situation of “pharmaceutical hunger”. In 1915-1917, with advice or/ and leadership of botanists, special meetings were organized, botanical trips were made, manuals and reference books were published, experimental stations and fields were created, lectures were read and so on. As a result of all these actions taken by the governmental and public organizations, high prices and steady demand were established. It made an enabling environment for the cultivation and collection of officinal plants. The structures created during WWI not only survived the war and revolutionary years but developed into large institutions. Many of those botanists who began to study medicinal plants during WWI successfully continued their work in the Soviet times.

Keywords: medicinal plants, Russian botanists, Pharmaceutical industry, Word War I.

Федотова А. А.

Лекарственный голод и лекарственные растения: мобилизация ботаников в годы Первой мировой войны

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С.С. ИКОННИКОВ

Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия

В статье приведена история исследования растительного покрова Памира за более чем 100-летний период: от первых ботанических данных, полученных в конце XIX в., до детальных геоботанических, флористических, эколого-морфологических, интродукционных исследований в 1950– 1970-е гг. Дана характеристика пяти этапов изучения этого региона. Показана роль ленинградских учёных в организации Памирской биологической станции в урочище Чечекты и Памирского ботанического сада около г. Хорога, а также вклад большого числа учёных Петербурга-Ленинграда в исследования биологии высокогорных растений, особенностей флоры и растительности Памира. Большое внимание уделено прикладным исследованиям: проблемам улучшения высокогорных пастбищ, интродукции культурных растений и возможности плодоводства и земледелия на Памире.

A Contribution by Botanists and Geographers of Petersburg-Leningrad to the Study of the Pamir’s Nature

SERGEY S. IKONNIKOV

Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, St. Peterburg, Russia

The article describes the history of the study of vegetation cover of the Pamirs in more than 100-year period: from the fi rst botanical data of the end of XIX century to detailed geobotanical, floristic, ecological- morphological, studies of introduction in the 1950s - 70s. The characteristic of five stages of study of this region is presented. The role of Leningrad scientists in the organization of the Pamir Biological Station in Chechekty and Pamir Botanical Garden near Khorog, as well as the contribution of a large number of scientists of Petersburg-Leningrad to study of biology of highmountain plants, the specificity of flora and vegetation of the Pamirs are shown. Much attention is paid to applied research: the problem of improvement of highmountain pastures, introduction of crop plants, fruit growing and farming opportunities in the Pamirs.

Keywords: the Pamirs, Russian botanists, flora, vegetation.

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